| Abstract |
After 30 years Russia enters again the circle of countries producing geothermal equipment and technologies. First in Russia geothermal power plant ñ Pauzhetsky GeoPP constructed in 1965 is still generating the cheapest electric power at Kamchatka. Growth of prices for organic fuel and, consequently, of tariffs for electric power and heat stimulated again the interest towards use of heat of the Earth for electric power generation. Due to considerable scientific-technical potential of power engineering industry and long-term fundamental researches in the field of wet steam in Russia, during recent 10 years highly effective separators, turbines and other energy equipment for GeoPP were created, new GeoPPs were built at Kamchatka and Kuril islands. Experience of separators and turbines for NPP production and shipbuilding allowed to create compact modular units for ìSan Jasintoî GeoPP in Nicaragua. The units are delivered to construction site being assembled and after factory testing at 100% load. Created, constructed and reliably working in most complicated natural-climatic conditions unit-modular Verkhne-Mutnovsky GeoPP is the entirely environmentally friendly power plant. The waste geothermal fluid including NCG is injected completely into reservoir. Reliability of work of GeoPP is defined in many respects by quality of steam coming to turbine. Horizontal steam separators are created in Russia, and by their efficiency (99,99%) and mass-dimension characteristics they considerably leave behind the vertical cyclone type separators widespread in the world. Long-term scientific researches of two-phase flows, creation of in-channel systems of moisture removal in turbines and of special turbine phase-separators allowed to create reliable and highly efficient turbines with major vacuum in condenser with capacity of 25-30 MW for Mutnovsky GeoPP. Due to this the best indices in the world by specific steam flow rate (6,5 kg/KW h at the most) and power plant efficiency (more than 20%) for GeoPP were achieved. High level of automation of Mutnovsky GeoPP allows its unmanned operation. MGeoPP satellite communication and remote monitoring system was created for the first time in the world that allows controlling the technological process of power plant at Kamchatka from Moscow (center in ìNaukaî SC). Prospective direction of Russian geothermal energy is the creation and construction of new generation binary GeoPPs, the idea of which were proposed and realized by Soviet scientists for the first time in the world at Paratunka geothermal sources. |