| Title | Shallow and Deep Vertical Geothermal Heat Exchangers as Low Temperature Sources for Heat Pumps |
|---|---|
| Authors | Tomasz Kujawa and Wladyslaw Nowak |
| Year | 2000 |
| Conference | World Geothermal Congress |
| Keywords | shallow vertical heat exchangers, deep vertical heat exchangers, heat energy, heat pump, resource temperature |
| Abstract | The authors present mathematical models of shallow and deep vertical heat exchangers. Based on the formulated mathematical models, the effects of: 1) fluid mass flow rate, 2) the temperature of a resource, and 3) the geometry of a heat exchanger are determined both on the temperature of circulating water at the outlet of the heat exchanger and on the amount of heat energy extracted from the ground as well as the amount of heat energy available at the surface. |