| Abstract |
The most powerful natural thermal water resources of the Caspian region are located in the Republic of Daghestan. Thermal waters are widely used here for heating and hot water supply. But this region has been depressed in recent years and development of the geothermal program was practically stopped and at present it requires the full modernization of obsolete technologies. The company JSC "Geotermneftegas" is the only one in Russia with more than 10 licenses for the right of geothermal heat-carrier production. The other enterprises have either disintegrated or use foreign credits. The company is also an owner of the licenses for geological exploration and production of hydrocarbons in the Caspian shelf, the forecasted resources of which are 340 million tons of oil and 540 billion m3 of gas and gas-condensate. Production of such volume of raw materials will lead to losses of biological resources of the sea, where 90% of the world sturgeon reserves with total value of about $5 billion are concentrated. Taking all this into account, in the paper the main attention is paid to elaboration of preventive compensation measures, in particular, creation of energy-biological complexes (EBC) on geothermal waters for the reproduction and restoration of the resources of sturgeons - representatives of relict ichthyofauna. The conception of integrated geothermal systems, realized when developing the described EBC, is directed to solving the main problems of the Republic: creation of new work-places, keeping of Russian population in the territory of their permanent residence, improvement of the quality of life and health of the population, and protection of a unique nature of the region. This project will support the economics of Daghestan, adding stability to the policy of reform. Realization of the project will supply the population with high quality food (fish, fish-products, poultry and vegetables). Application of complex technologies will give the opportunity to use thermal water for electric power production and balneology. In the paper a brief description is given of the situation with power in the Republic of Daghestan. It is shown that development of systems of geothermal water supply and of energy-biological complex have prospects. The most interesting financial results and schematic solutions realized for elaboration of the business-plan of investment project "Creation of energy-biological complex on the basis of explored geothermal resources of the Northern Daghestan" are presented. |