| Title | Thermal Spa ìBanja Kanjizaî - an Example of Successful Utilization of Geothermal Energy |
|---|---|
| Authors | Ivana Demic, Zorica Vukicevic |
| Year | 2005 |
| Conference | World Geothermal Congress |
| Keywords | geological research, thermal and mineral water, utilization of geothermal energy |
| Abstract | Thermal spa "Banja Kanjiza" is situated in the northern part of Serbia and represents an example of successful utilization of thermal and mineral water. The first artesian well which produced water with temperature of 27.5 ?C from aquifer at a depth of 270 m had been drilled in 1908, while the thermal spa was founded five years later. Medical treatment included bathing and drinking water under medical supervision. Serious utilization of geothermal energy started when the first deep well was drilled in 1977. In the course of time - by developing of thermal spa - there appeared requirements for increased and continuous supply of warm water for balneology as well as thermal energy for space heating and domestic warm water. In order to fulfill that demand two more wells were drilled (in 1983 and 1996). The wells extracted water from the Upper Miocene and Lower Pliocene aquifers at different depths which are composed of sand and sandstone layers. Flow rates by well differ from 2.5 to 17.5 l/s with outgoing temperatures in range of 45 to 72 ?C. Production of thermal water depends on type of use and time of the year. Today thermal water is used in balneology, in outdoor and indoor swimming pools, as domestic warm water and for space heating and cooling. Total installed capacity is around 3.2 MW. The paper will give more details about geological research, quality of water, types of use and environmental effects which are caused by utilization of renewable source of energy. |