| Title | Geothermal activities and developments in Turkey in last three years |
|---|---|
| Authors | Orhan Mertoglu, Nilgun Bakir, Ali Canlan, Tevfik Kaya |
| Year | 2003 |
| Conference | International Geothermal Workshop, Russia |
| Keywords | Turkey, geothermal, direct use, electricity, development |
| Abstract | Turkey is the fifth country in the World in existing geothermal direct use applications. In terms of total geothermal potential, it is the 7th country in the world. Most of the development is achieved in geothermal direct-use applications with 61,000 residences equivalence geothermal heating (665 MWt) including district heating, thermal facilities and 565,000 m2 geothermal greenhouse heating. Geothermal water is used in 195 spas for balneological purposes (327 MWt). Engineering design of nearly 300,000 residences equivalence geothermal district heating has been completed. By summing up all these geothermal utilizations, the geothermal direct use installed capacity is 992 MWt by June 2003 in Turkey. One of the main developments achieved in geothermal district heating system was Salihli 20,000/24,000 residences equivalence geothermal district heating and 2000 residences equivalence capacity geothermal air-conditioning system which has started up in January 2002. The electricity generation has been increased from 90 GWh to 108 GWh in Kizildere geothermal power plant which is the single existing geothermal power plant of Turkey. Besides electricity generation, the CO2 set free in the condenser is partly supplied to a Liquefied CO2 and Dry Ice Factory installed next to the plant and about 120,000 t/year dry ice and liquefied CO2 for the beverage industry in Turkey is produced. Slightly more than 3 % of Turkeyís geothermal potential is utilized yet. |