| Abstract |
Turkey is located on the Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt, which have high geothermal potential. The first geothermal investigations in Turkey started by MTA in 1960’s. Upon this, 185 geothermal fields have been discovered by MTA. Around 1500 hot and mineralised natural springs and wells exist in Turkey. For electricity production total installed capacity reached up to 82.25 MWe in 2009. With the existing geothermal wells discharge water (3300 MWt) and springs (600 MWt), the proven geothermal capacity calculated by MTA is totally 4078 MWt (exhaust temperature is assumed to be 35 °C). The geothermal potential is estimated as 31 500 MWt. Most of the development is achieved in geothermal direct-use applications by 122.000 residences equivalence geothermal heating (1025 MWt) including district heating, thermal facilities and nearly 1.579 000 m2 geothermal greenhouse heating. Main cities heated by geothermal energy as Izmir-Balcova, Narlidere, Afyon and Kirsehir City centers, Afyon- Sandikli, Kütahya-Simav, Ankara Kizilcahamam, Balikesir-Gönen, Edremit, Nevsehir–Kozakli, Manisa–Salihli, Agri-Diyadin, Denizli-Sarayköy, Yozgat-Sarikaya, Yozgat-Yerkoy and Yozgat-Sorgun. 200 spas in Turkey are used for balneological purposes (340 MWt). By summing up all this geothermal utilisations in Turkey, the installed capacity is 1342 MWt for direct-use, a liquid carbon dioxide and dry ice production factory (ann. capacity 160.000 tons). The district heating system applications have been started with large scale geothermal district heating systems in Turkey. Only 6 % of total geothermal potential has been utilized yet. 550 MWe power production and 4000 MWt space heating is aimed for the year 2010-2013. With the huge thermal tourism capacity potential of Turkey, the target is to increase the local curist (tourists in thermalism) number to 15 million people and the foreign curist number to 250.000 until the year 2010-2013. The geothermal greenhouse heating gained a speed especially in the last 3 years in Turkey. The geothermal law has been released in June 2007 which contributed to the realization of privatization of Kizildere geothermal power plant and tendering of 6 fields for electricity production and 13 fields for heating and thermal applications by MTA suitable for electricity generation in October 2008 and 2009. |