| Abstract |
Geothermal energy use is the perspective way to clean sustainable development of the world. Russia has rich high and low temperature geothermal resources and makes good steps in their use. In Russia the geothermal resources are used predominantly for heat supply both heating of several cities and settlements on Northern Caucasus and Kamchatka. Besides in some regions of country the deep heat is used for greenhouses. Most active the hydrothermal resources are used in Krasnodar territory, Dagestan and on Kamchatka. The most perspective direction of usage of low temperature geothermal resources is the use of heat pumps. This way is optimal for many regions of Russia - in its European part, on Ural and others. The electricity is generated by some geothermal power plants only in the Kamchatka Peninsula and Kuril Islands. At present, urbanization has become a truly global process. The gigantic concentration of people results in a multiple increase in the supplies of water, energy, and food to cities, which is responsible for the accumulation of a huge amount of polluted water and industrial and domestic waste in the city areas. Under these conditions the problems of urbanization and municipal engineering become part of the global problem of sustainable development of the modern society. In this connection two important aspects are considered: clean alternative renewable energy use and organization of environmental parks as demonstration of preferences and advantages of such energetic supply. The concept of environmental parks on the territories of big towns and reserved territories is elaborated. Choice of the optimal system of nature friendly energy support is based on use of the deepthermal energy and other ecologically pure sources, depending on concrete conditions of the environmental park, and takes into account all the environmental, economical and social factors. As a result the environmental passport of territories can be created. The concept of environmental parks could help to demonstrate the advantages of renewable alternative energy utilisation. |