| Abstract |
Superhot Rock (SHR) geothermal reservoirs represent a promising frontier in renewable energy, offering vast potential for sustainable heat and power generation. The development of SHR systems necessitates sophisticated engineering solutions, particularly in the realm of reservoir stimulation and how to maintain power generation. Early approaches to establishing SHR reservoir networks relied on innovative techniques such as hydroshearing and novel pumping methodologies to induce fractures, facilitate fluid circulation without needing proppants, and rely on created permeability. However, as SHR technology advances, the need for effective proppants to maintain fracture permeability and integrity becomes increasingly apparent. This paper investigates the critical process of proppant selection and qualification in SHR applications, addressing the adaptation of existing commercial products and the development of novel materials tailored to SHR conditions. The selection process for proppant materials in SHR systems is a complex task, involving careful consideration of various factors, including thermal stability, mechanical strength, and chemical compatibility. The unique challenges of SHR systems, such as extreme thermal and mechanical stresses, require proppants with exceptional performance. One approach is to test existing commercial proppants from the oil and gas industry, which require no modification but must be tested to ensure suitability for SHR environments. Alternatively, creating novel proppants from raw materials presents an opportunity to tailor material properties to specific SHR conditions, potentially optimizing performance and sustainability. Following the selection of candidate proppants, the next crucial step is the qualification process, which rigorously assesses their suitability for SHR applications. This paper outlines a comprehensive methodology for proppant qualification, drawing upon industry standards such as API Std 19 and adapting them to SHR-specific conditions. The process involves iterative testing and collaboration with partnering laboratories, refining the qualification process to accurately evaluate proppant performance under extreme thermal and mechanical stresses characteristic of SHR environments. The qualification process results provide valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of current proppants in SHR applications, shedding light on areas for improvement and innovation. By identifying promising candidates and assessing their performance through rigorous testing protocols, this research contributes to the ongoing advancement of SHR proppant technology. |