| Title | Geothermal Country Update for Türkiye - 2023 |
|---|---|
| Authors | ORHAN MERTOGLU, Sakir Simsek, Nilgün Basarir, Nizamettin Sentürk, Nusret Güngör, Vedat Yan?k, Abdulkerim Aydindag, ?smail Kara, Alper Baba, Mehmet Furkan Sener, Taygun Uzelli, ?brahim Akkus |
| Year | 2023 |
| Conference | World Geothermal Congress |
| Keywords | Geothermal Country Update for Turkey - 2023 |
| Abstract | Due to its complex geology and active tectonic features, Türkiye has a high geothermal (hydrothermal and EGS) potential distributed throughout the country with different temperature intervals. The utilization of geothermal resources in Türkiye has made great progress in the last 20 years. From 2005 to the end of 2022, the installed geothermal power capacity was increased by about 20 MWe to 1717 MWe. Geothermal direct use capacity has reached 5323 MWt, including 1528 MWt for space heating, 1230 MWt for greenhouse heating (5293 da), 1763 MWt for thermal-balneological utilization in tourism (23 million people annually), 680 MWt for geothermal heating of thermal tourism facilities, 9.5 MWt for drying, 0.35 MWt for cooling, 112.3 MWt for geothermal heat pumps (geothermal ground source) and 400.000 tons/year for geothermal production of liquid CO2 and dry ice. Projections for 2030 are for 3000 MWe (24 billion kWh/year) of electricity generation and 10,550 MWt of direct geothermal use, with geothermal heating accounting for the largest share at 5000 MWt. Our country's target for 2030 is 12,000 da of geothermal greenhouse applications. The additional investment required to achieve these uses for power generation and direct use is nearly $9.17 billion. Organizing of the World Geothermal Congress 2005 in Antalya (joint organisation of IGA-TGA (Turkish Geothermal Association)) caused to understand the importance of geothermal very well by State of the Republic of Türkiye, MTA (General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, State establishment), private sector, enacting the geothermal law and the geothermal incentive law in Türkiye and MTA started to give more emphasize to the geothermal exploration-studies, drilled 1-2 wells/concession area and transferred (similar to leasing and renting) the geothermal field to the private sector. Thanks to this method and the feed in tariff and applied incentives, Türkiye became the 4th country in geothermal power install capacity in the World. Since most Turkish geothermal power plants are binary ORC plants with air-cooled condensers, production efficiency decreases due to high ambient temperatures in summer. To compensate for this, solar hybrid plants have been projected, and in a few months, solar panels will be installed and integrated into geothermal power plants to compensate for the decrease in electricity production. In this way, the production factor and profitability will increase, and renewable solar and geothermal energies will be integrated together. In the next 10 years, integrated geothermal use as district heating, greenhouse heating, drying, and other applications (mineral recovery) will also be given special emphasis and are planned to be expanded. Given the great potential of Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS) and Hot Dry Rock (HDR) resources, apart from geothermal hydrothermal resources, it is recommended that the initial EGS/HDR implementation be carried out by the Turkish government institutions (such as MTA) and then the private sector invest further with special incentives. |