| Abstract |
This country report is the first white book public-oriented on China geothermal energy development status and future policy guidance. It is co-compiled by China Geological Survey, National Energy Administration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Development Research Center of the State Council. In respect of resources assessment, China Geological Survey has been conducted the national-wide survey and assessment from 2011 to 2018. The recoverable reserve of shallow geothermal resource in 336 key cities equals to 0.7 billion tons of standard coals. The recoverable reserve of hydrothermal resource is equivalent to 1.865 billion tons of standard coals (under the condition of rejection), among which the medium-to-low temperature resources account for 95%. The resources amount of Hot-Dry-Rock within the depth of 3km to 10km in mainland China is equivalent to 856 trillion tons of stand coals. In respect of energy development, accompanying the hosting of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the development of shallow geothermal energy began and grows rapidly at annual rate of 28%. By the end of 2017, the installed capacity of heat pumps in China had reached 20,000MWe, ranking the first in the world; and meet the heating and cooling demand of 0.5 billion square meters. With different ways of bathing, heating, cultivating, power generation, etc., utilization of hydrothermal energy grows continuously. By the end of 2017, the hydrothermal heating area in China had exceeded 150 million square meters, ranking the first in the world for several years. Among them, Xiong-xian county of Xiong-an New Area, Hebei province had 4.5 million square meters of the heating area which satisfied more than 95% of the whole urban buildings. Xiong-xian County, with Xiong-xian Model for developing hydrothermal geothermal energy in scale, has become the first no-smoking town for winter heating in China. In 1977, Yangbajing geothermal power station, the first high temperature geothermal power station in China, was successfully constructed, which made China became the 8th in the world; but by the end of 2017, the installed capacity of geothermal energy power generation in China was 27.28MWe, ranking 18th in the world. Hot-Dry-Rock with 236 degree centigrade has been drilled at the depth of 3705m in Gonghe Basin of Qinghai Province in 2017. In respect of future policy suggestions, it is an urgent need to carry out the high quality geothermal resources evaluation through China; key techniques for the development and utilization of geothermal energy should be tackled; high-quality demonstration areas for geothermal energy development in a leading and exploratory way should be cultivated; preferential policies should be introduced to support the high-quality development of geothermal energy; the management and monitoring system of geothermal energy should be established and improved. The construction of demonstration areas for geothermal energy development, represented by Beijing subsidiary administrative center, Xiong-an New Area, geothermal towns, as well as HDR project in Gonghe Basin, Qinghai will promote and lead China's geothermal energy exploration and development to a fast lane. |