| Title | Adaptive Leadership Roles and Tools of Government to Assist Geothermal Developers in Overcoming Barriers |
|---|---|
| Authors | Jonas KETILSSON, Chris BROMLEY |
| Year | 2020 |
| Conference | World Geothermal Congress |
| Keywords | Leadership, challenge, new governance, finance, legal, energy, regulatory, official, geothermal, policy, Iceland, New Zealand |
| Abstract | The aim of this paper is to recognize barriers of geothermal development, tools to overcome them and leadership roles to further assist overcoming those barriers. It is discussed whether the tools developed increase bureaucracy. Interpretational analysis is applied to 46 issued geothermal licenses in Iceland since 2008 which is the data range of this paper. From analysis 12 dilemmas are derived. Out of 46 licenses 22 had no dilemmas encountered or 48% but 52% encountered barriers. The tools developed to overcome the barriers are described. It is estimated that the tools developed increased bureaucracy for six out of the twelve dilemmas or 50%. The tools are classified based on the level of coerciveness, directness, automaticity and visibility. Most of the tools are low on directness and visibility. However, about half of the tools are classified having low and the other half high level of coerciveness and automaticity. The adaptive leadership role for each of those barriers is suggested using a theoretical framework. It is hypothesized that the Principal Challenge Iceland faces for further geothermal development is associated to the most common dilemma encountered; public acceptance. It is proposed to apply the Transition Challenge to this dilemma due to the need to shift values in the mindset of the public. Before, geothermal development was for local use of space heating and generating electricity. With local demand being met further development is for the power intensive industry with reference to global warming and the potential for Iceland to harness its renewable resources beyond local need. Even though the new values have been recognized and proposed they have not yet been accepted by the public as is evident in the proceedings of the Master Plan through the Parliament. The developed toolbox derived in this study can help the licensing authority OS in assisting developers in resolving possible barriers for the development and what leadership role should be applied to different circumstances. It is proposed to include questions concerning identified barriers initially in the application process so that the applicant can realize the possible obstacle as soon as possible and react appropriately by suggesting actions in overcoming the barriers before they become impassable. Greater emphasis has been made on network governance across nations with globalization. Hence a selected comparison is made to New Zealand revealing similarities in dilemmas but a difference in the tools developed. Most importantly, a dilemma known in New Zealand is identified that has yet to surface through the licensing procedure in Iceland, emphasizing the importance of international networking for the intended new governance approach. |