| Title | CONDENSATION INDUCED WATER HAMMER, NEW ZEALAND GEOTHERMAL STEAMFIELD PIPING CASE STUDIES |
|---|---|
| Authors | K.J. Koorey |
| Year | 2019 |
| Conference | New Zealand Geothermal Workshop |
| Keywords | Condensation induced water hammer, piping |
| Abstract | The production and transport of steam and hot water from geothermal fields needs careful design and operational management to avoid condensation induced water hammer (CIWH). CIWH occurs when a steam space collapses upon mixing with cooler steam condensate or water. The resulting hammer event can be catastrophic. This paper details a number of cases where CIWH has occurred in New Zealand geothermal fields. Causes, events, and risk mitigations are discussed. |