| Title | NEW ZEALAND’S COLOMBO PLAN PROJECTS TO DEVELOP INDONESIA’S GEOTHERMAL FIELDS IN 1971 AND 1975 |
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| Authors | M.P Hochstein, A. Mundakir, and I.B. Raharjo |
| Year | 2019 |
| Conference | New Zealand Geothermal Workshop |
| Keywords | Geothermal exploration, productive fields, Java, Bali, Indonesia |
| Abstract | The aim of the New Zealand/Indonesian Geothermal Colombo Plan Project (1970) was to assess the geothermal potential of five selected geothermal fields on Java and Bali and to rank them for further development. The exploration of the five prospects were undertaken by several Indonesian/New Zealand field teams using geological, geophysical and geochemical surveys between 1971 and 1977. These were undertaken by Indonesian Volcanological Survey and New Zealand government experts from the DSIR. Four potentially productive fields were found: Kamojang, Darajat, Salak-Awibengkok, all located in Western Java, and Danau Bratan (Central Bali). The Cisolok-Cisukarame prospect was found not to be suitable for development. The survey (and subsequent drilling) led to the discovery of three types of our geothermal systems: Type I: vapour-dominated (Kamojang and Darajat); Type II: liquid-dominated (Salak-Awibengkok and Danau Bratan); Type III: low temperature outflow system (Cisolok-Cisukarame). Halfway during the drilling project at Kamojang, the productivity of the first (small diameter; 6in./152mm) exploration wells at the end of 1974, led to the proposal seconded by New Zealand aid, to extend the Kamojang project. Pertamina came in to assist with the production drilling and contributed to the design of the power house starting in 1978 due to New Zealand’s deteriorating financial aid in the late 1970s. The government of Indonesia, through Pertamina and PLN contributed some NZ$10 million towards civil works. The total project was estimated to be NZ$30 million. Later developments of Darajat and Salak-Parabakti by US companies under licence by Pertamina, together with upgrading Kamojang, (110 MWe) produced a total electricity output of about 850 MWe. This paper is a recognition of the success of the 1970 Indonesian/New Zealand Aid project and its participants from both countries. |