| Title | Hydrogeochemical Characterizations of Tekkehamam Region (Denizli, Turkey) |
|---|---|
| Authors | Tugbanur OZEN BALABAN, Gultekin TARCAN, Unsal GEMICI, Mumtaz COLAK, I. Hakki KARAMANDERESI |
| Year | 2015 |
| Conference | World Geothermal Congress |
| Keywords | Tekkehamam, hydrochemistry, geothermal fluid, isotope chemistry, scaling |
| Abstract | Tekkehamam Region is located on the southern boundary fault of the Buyuk Menderes Graben, Western Anatolia, Turkey. The study area has also been a site of importance in terms of geothermal energy and is currently famous for its natural mud pools (having intense gas emissions), and is a center of balneological facilities. In this study, chemical analyses for thermal water of thermal wells and isotopic data (18O, 2H and 3H) were obtained. To determination of the scaling types and safe re-injection temperatures are the most important parts of the study. The basement of the study area consists of Paleozoic Menderes Massif that is made up of metamorphic rocks. Neogene terrestrial sediments unconformably overlie the Menderes Massif. Quaternary alluvium is the youngest unit in the study area. The reservoir rocks of the geothermal systems are pre-Mesozoic aged metamorphics such as marble, gneiss and quartz-schist of Menderes Massif. In this study, hydrogeochemical characterizations of the geothermal fields are investigated and scaling characterizations of the geothermal fluid are evaluated. In the study area, aquifer temperatures of the thermal wells vary between 145 to170°C. Na-SO4-HCO3 type is the dominant water type in the geothermal field. Cold waters are mainly dominated by the HCO3 and SO4 anions and Na, Ca, and Mg cations. All the waters are of meteoric origin and have a circulation least 50 years old according to the 18O, 2H and 3H contents. Scaling risk in production wells and surface equipments in the study area are the most important problem. Mineral saturations at measured sampling temperature of thermal waters generally indicate calcite, aragonite, dolomite and amorphous silica scaling. Carbonate minerals are under the risk of scaling at all temperatures. Re-injection temperature must be above 80°C in order to prevent silica scaling. |