| Abstract |
The territory of Kamchatky krai has the area of 454.3 thousand km2, and a population about 332 000 people. More than 75% is the population of three cities making the unique city Petropavlovsk-Elizovo agglomeration. There are no railways on the territory of the region. The general extent of highways does not exceed 1,300 km. 25% of roads have an asphalt covering. The others roads are soil. Only one seaport meets modern requirements, the others provide for raid service. The airport "Elizovo" is the only airport which can accept the modern transcontinental liners. There are no resorts, balneal sanatorium and recreation areas on the territory of Kamchatka. At the same time the Kamchatsky region is remarkable for its unique, primeval nature. There are more than 30 active volcanoes. Among them there is the highest in Europe and Asia volcano Kljuchevsky. The region is remarkable for riches and variety of thermal sources. More than 70 % of resources of thermal, thermomineral and mineral waters of Russia belong to Kamchatka. Hot thermalsprigs always attract attention of the population of Kamchatka for relaxation and treatment. Springs of the Mutnovsky and Nalychevsky hydrothermal systems are related to the most popular and having an important value for tourism, balneology and recovery of the people. The Mutnovsky hydrothermal system together with the active volcano Mutnovsky became accessible for visiting after the beginning of the operation of the Mutnovsky geothermal power complex. A crater of the Mutnovsky volcano is one of the most picturesque places of peninsula. It even excels the Valley of Geysers in its variety of forms of volcanic activity and emotional influence on human. It is possible to see a tiny valley of geysers on the Mutnovsky deposit of hydrothermal sources («Active group» of sources). Hydrothermal clay (kaolinite- montmorillonite) formed in the thermal lakes and hot springs of the Mutnovsky geothermal deposit has a glory of the most curative. Thermal sources are remarkable for wide variations of a chemical compound. Among them there are the sources with the raised content of the arsenic, similar to hydroterms of the Nalychevsky hydrothermal system. The Nalychevsky hydrothermal system is remarkable for the presence of special type of thermal waters. These hydroterms are formed as a result of mixture of the atmospheric precipitations. They penetrate through the cracks into the big depths in the zones of the magmatic centres of the active volcanoes (Avachinsky and Koryaksky). They are heated up, mixed up with the fluids arriving from these centres and get up to a surface. Waters are relate to a special balneal type of carbonic poorly- mineralizing arsenious boric siliceous chloride - sulphate - calcium - sodium solutions. It has no analogues in the world and is called «« Nalychevsky’s type»». Similar mineral waters are applied for preventive measures, treatment of cardiovascular and nervous systems, gastrointestinal tract, locomotor apparatus, professional diseases of the persons working with ionising and microwave sources of radiation. They are cosmonauts, workers of the chemical industry, contacting long time with heavy metals, sportsmen. On the one hand the medical influence of waters decreases because the arsenic is slowly removed from an organism, retarding in tissue of various organs. On the other hand it renders the favorable effect on blood formation, regulates the level of tissue breath, promotes formation of the basic immunologic systems of an organism, participating in decrease of radio sensitivity, increase of stability to hypoxia of tissue, stimulating the protective properties of an organism as a whole. As results carbonic arsenious waters are used for treatment of a hypertension, ischemia an atherosclerosis. As a whole, the Nalychevsky thermal waters are comparable to waters of the popular resorts in France (La-Burbul), Spain(Alama-de-Aragon), Germany (Bad-Djurahajm), containing mainly arsenic. Complex waters, such as "Nalychevsky" with abnormal quantities of arsenic and iron, are very rare. Only some deposits of mineral waters are known. They are resorts of Italy (Rocheno and Leviko), Hungary (Parade) and Poland (Kudeva-Zdruj). Proximity to the active volcanoes Avachinsky and Koryak, picturesque vegetation, a unique combination of forms of the hydrothermal activity, complicated by technogenic influence, balneal possibilities are the main advantages of Nalychesky hydrothermal system. Thus Mutnovsky and Nalychevsky hydrothermal systems play the important role as the complex objects for relaxation, balneal treatment and improvement, tourism development. |