| Abstract |
It is well known that geothermal of Indonesia is associated with volcanoes that lie along Sumatra, Java, Bali and the islands of eastern part of Indonesia. WGC2010 in Bali, the potential of geothermal of Indonesia was reported about 27,000 MW. Now, National Geological Agency of Indonesia (NGAI) and Directorate General of New, Renewable Energy & Energy Conservation of Indonesia is up to date to increase to more than 28 GWe composed of 312 geothermal potential locations (Geological Agency of Indonesia, 2013). The current geothermal fields are operated from 10 locations with increase of three new geothermal fields in three locations compare to seven locations in the year 2010. The installed electrical capacities consist of 1342 MW with additional capacities of 145 MW in year 2012 compare to 1186.3 MW in WGC2010. The installed capacities are consists of Darajat (259 MW), Dieng (60 MW), Kamojang (200 MW), Gunung Salak (377 MW), Sibayak (13.3 MW), Lahendong (80 MW), Wayang Windu (227 MW), Lumut Balai – South Sumatra (110 MW), Ulumbu – Flores (5 MW) and Mataloko - (2.5 MW). The direct-use of geothermal in Indonesia to be stagnant in growth which has been reported by Pertamina Geothermal Energy (PGE) and National Research Institute (BPPT) for the Mushroom harvesting project in Kamojang since year 2000 and palm sugar processing project of Masarang Cooperative Institute and PGE, and white copra processing & Chilies drying project of PGE in Lahendong (North Sulawesi). This does not include spas and developed swimming pools which are unknown. Some others institution (NGO’s and the Universities) are also on the research progress of direct using geothermal for purifying Akarwangi (the raw materials for perfume). Geothermal (ground-source) heat pump use is not well known in the country. In term of geothermal development and its utilizations, the Government of Indonesia (GOI) are committed to utilize the biggest geothermal energy resources to become a world largest geothermal producers in the world as a leading alternative energy. To attract the investors to develop geothermal, GOI has gradually increased the national electricity tariff to achieve the economic viability, and assessed a differential feed in electricity geothermal tariff structure by region to support electricity infrastructure investment with regards to the needs of the region. However, the progress of geothermal development is behind the expectation to become 5000 MW by 2014/2015. It is likely due to, unattractive of geothermal price, highly risk in PPA, purchase guarantee, uncertainty in the protection and conservation of forest area. Finally, it is expected that the installed capacity of geothermal in the year 2025 will be more than 6000 MW. |