| Title | Three Dimensional Numerical Model of Aquifer for Springs and Hot Springs in Karang Volcanic Area, West Java, Indonesia |
|---|---|
| Authors | A.Harada, R.Itoi and B.Yoseph |
| Year | 2013 |
| Conference | New Zealand Geothermal Workshop |
| Keywords | Groundwater, numerical simulation, hot spring, spring, Mt.Karang, Mt.Parakasak |
| Abstract | The study area is located in west Java where there are two mountains: Mt. Karang and Mt. Parakasak. Geological components of this area are mostly volcanic products such as pyroxene andesite, tuff, volcanic breccia, and basaltic lava. Both cold springs and hot springs are located on the northern foot of these mountains at the same elevation, but hot springs mainly discharge in the western part of this area: on the foot of Mt. Parakasak. Both types of springs seem to be located along a fault system running east to west in this area. A three-dimensional aquifer model was developed to understand fluid and heat transports in the aquifer and to explain the presence of cold springs and hot springs. Development of the model and numerical simulation were carried out using the FEFLOW numerical simulator. The model covers an area of about 180km2, and consists of 21 layers. The thickness of each layer is 0-160m, depending on the location. A high temperature zone of 100oC was assigned in the bottom layer below Mt.Parakasak, and 50- 56oC discharge was obtained in the model in the area where the hot springs are located. On the other hand, a 25-26oC discharge was obtained for the cold springs. The groundwater flows mainly from south to north. Therefore, the groundwater heated below Mt. Parakasak forms hot spring at the foot of the mountain. |