| Title | Supply Characterization of the Direct Use Potential in the U.S. |
|---|---|
| Authors | Xiaoning HE and Brian ANDERSON |
| Year | 2013 |
| Conference | Stanford Geothermal Workshop |
| Keywords | Monte Carlo analysis, Supply curve, direct use, district heating |
| Abstract | Efforts to characterize geothermal supply have long been focused on the aspect of power generation. This paper focuses on an approach to characterize the supply curve of hydro-geothermal energy that can be used for direct use in the United States. It aims to compensate for the absence of research on thermal uses and provides a levelized cost estimation of geothermal direct utilization, especially district heating. A cost model for geothermal district heating projects, which is a function of geothermal gradient and population density, is developed. The model calculates the levelized cost, the capital cost, as well as the operation and maintenance cost. As expected, the resulting supply curve indicates that economically-viable sites for geothermal district heating are concentrated in western U.S. It also demonstrates that high geothermal gradient and high population density could significantly lower the levelized costs of direct-use geothermal. The paper provides a procedure for future supply characterization research of EGS resources. |