| Abstract |
In many thermal operations a flowing fluid containing energy in the form on heat must be transported form a heat source to an end location via tubulars. The temperature, pressure and composition of flowing fluids varies greatly from 70°F oil to 670°F saturated steam and pressure up to 5000 psi. In order to reduce the heat lost to the surrounding medium (i.e. Earth, water, etc.), the tubular or casing must be insulated. Typically, the insulation system is wrapped around the tubing containing the hot fluid and is protected by an outer sheath. While non metallic tubular insulation systems have been used in low temperature surface applications, steel jacketed tubular are required to handle the temperatures and stresses involved with high temperature surface and downhole operations. This paper presents a detailed discussion of one method for insulating tubular system that concentrates on minimizing heat loss and cost while maximizing "handleability" and durability of the system. |