| Abstract |
Most of the development in Turkey is achieved in geothermal direct-use applications with 65,000 residences equivalence using geothermal heating (750 MWt) including district heating, thermal facilities and 635,000 m2 geothermal greenhouse heating. Geothermal water is used in nearly 200 spas for balneological purposes (327 MWt). Engineering design of over 300,000 residences equivalence of geothermal district heating has been completed. By summing up all these geothermal utilizations, the geothermal direct use installed capacity is 1077 MWt in Turkey in October 2004. The electricity generation has been increased from 90 GWh to 108 GWh in Kizildere geothermal power plant which is the single existing geothermal power plant of Turkey. Besides electricity generation at Kizildere, the CO2 set free in the condenser is partly supplied to a liquefied CO2 and dry ice factory installed next to the plant and about 120,000 t/year dry ice and liquefied CO2 is produced for Turkey's beverage industry. Only 3.5 % of Turkey's geothermal potential is utilized so far. |