| Abstract |
As a country with spread volcanoes area, Indonesia is carrying out the biggest potential on geothermal energy in the world which is around 40% of the world reservation or similar to 20Gwe or 9 (nine) billion barrel oil for 30 years of operations located at Sumatera, Jawa-Bali, Sulawesi, NTB, and NTT. The world allocated potential of geothermal energy is only 20% from the total of 50,000 MW or around 10,000 MW and in Indonesia the benefit we consume is only 3-4%. The usage of Indonesian geothermal within electricity sector is quite prospective with sharp increase record from 1982 (32,25 MW); 1990 (142,42 MW); 1998 (587,5 MW); and 2000 (1,159 MW). There is also a wide range of geothermal energy contribution that obviously beneficial from spa to tourism objects. In regard to the above explanation, Indonesia prepares the vision and mission as the main frame of geothermal energy development in Indonesia. It is that geothermal as the accessible resource to support sustainable development in Indonesia is set as the vision for geothermal development in Indonesia. While with the mission, Indonesia arranges its huge deposit geothermal energy as renewable and environmental friendly resource and explore it to gain more value add for the purpose of realizing the safety of Indonesian people. Being the energy with potential and strategic role to support Indonesian development, geothermal energy therefore require authorized main frame for operational improvement, management, rearrangement, and utilization of both the direct and indirect use; and for that reason, Indonesian Legislative prepared the Regulations on Geothermal - UU No. 27/2003. The future of geothermal energy development post-Regulations is obvious for the economic improvement in Indonesia due to the present of sufficient protection towards geothermal energy. Indonesia is preparing general regulations on the Geothermal Implemented Regulation (Peraturan Pelaksanaan), the unity towards perception on development strategy, the encouragement on the transparent and competitive utilization of material and service, and the appointment of independent or government institution with the authority to cope with disagreements that may take place. The severe economic crisis that started in late 1997 has adversely affected the formation of geothermal blueprint in Indonesia. Geothermal energy development program is divided into short term, mid term, and long term. The short-term program covers the existing contracts management (stated in the article 41, 42, and 43 on the Regulations on Geothermal - UU No. 27/ 2003), strategic plans for geothermal development, synchronization over Regulations on Geothermal and Electricity (UU No. 27/ 2003 and UU No. 20/2002). While the mid and long term program cover geothermal exploration legislative program, energy price regulation, geothermal development socialization, geothermal development strategic plan modernization, geothermal information and data system development, human resource and technology development plan, and community development. The future of geothermal energy development and-Regulations is projected to the economic improvement in Indonesia and to suffice protection towards the industry players. Indonesia is preparing general regulations on the Geothermal Implemented, the unity towards perception on development strategy, the encouragement on the transparent and competitive utilization of material and service, and the appointment of independent or government institution with the authority to cope with disagreements that may take place. |