| Abstract |
The basic source of information about power condition of bowels of the Earth is the heat flow. Its calculation in accordance with Fourier law is possible only if there is exact data about geothermic gradients and heat conductivity of rocks. It is necessary for geothermic gradients calculation to measure experimentally the temperature in deep boreholes with setting heat regime. Geothermal investigation, that we carried out in more than 400 long-standing deep boreholes located in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other regions have shown that in most cases the heat flow in upper lays of sedimentary thickness is not constant, and geothermograms have non-linear character. In connection with that the depth of investigated objects is of particular importance. The analysis of results of geothermic investigation has shown that the depth heat flow may be distorted owing to the influence of structural, tectonic, geomorphologic and hydrogeological factors. In active water-exchange zones and especially in areas of alimentation and discharge of underground waters the prevailing influence on thermal field is rendered by the convective heat flow component, effecting the total heat flow value and form of geothermograms. It is developed the method of separation of conductive and convective heat flow components, were defined velocities of fluid motion and is given the quantitative estimation of hydrogeological parameters by temperature measurements. Heat conductivity and thermal capacity parameters are directly connected to the structural performances of rocks, in particular by porosity. Investigation of rocks, identical on an elemental composition, but with a different porosity, has allowed to place quantitative connection between porosity and thermal capacity in a temperature range from 0 ?C to 300 ?C. |