| Abstract |
Anthropogenic activities remain the predominant drivers of carbon dioxide (CO₂) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, significantly accelerating global warming and climate change. Recognizing the urgency of mitigation, the European Union and G8 nations have committed to ambitious GHG reduction targets, aiming for an 80% decrease from 1990 levels by 2050. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has emerged as a pivotal strategy for reducing carbon emissions, particularly within the power generation and industrial sectors. This study examines recent advancements in CO₂ injection into geothermal reservoirs, focusing on production optimization and permanent sequestration for climate mitigation. The study reveals that techniques and pilot projects performed worldwide offer insights into the practical implementation and adaptation of this approach. It has been observed that the methodologies such as compression and dissolution, supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) injection, reservoir modelling and optimization, hydraulic stimulation, and integrated monitoring systems provide critical understanding of the technology, especially in pilot projects like in Umurlu Geothermal Field, University of Alberta’s CO₂ Plume Geothermal (CPG), Kızıldere Geothermal Field, Ngātamariki Power Station, Te Huka Power Station, and Ngawha Power Station, which practically demonstrated the viability of CO₂ reinjection strategies. These initiatives provide substantial benefits, such as reduced carbon emissions, enhanced reservoir sustainability, improved geothermal efficiency, and minimized scaling risks. Although there were some challenges observed during implementation and monitoring, the study recommends the expansion of large-scale CO₂ reinjection projects, integration with carbon capture initiatives, and the establishment of robust economic and policy frameworks to ensure smooth and long-term feasibility. |