| Title | Subsurface Dynamics and Geohazard Monitoring in NE Iceland: Insights from Krafla and Theistareykir Geothermal Fields |
|---|---|
| Authors | Anette K. Mortensen, Vincent Drouin, Freysteinn Sigmundsson, Yilin Yang, Egill Árni Gudnason, Thorbjörg |
| Year | 2026 |
| Conference | World Geothermal Congress |
| Keywords | |
| Abstract | Hazards in geothermal fields can arise from natural or human-induced sources of deformation. Naturally occurring seismic and geological hazards arise from volcanic activity, tectonic stress, and fault movement. In contrast, ground deformation and induced seismicity are commonly linked to changes in reservoir pressure, often due to fluid extraction and reinjection. Advances in geodetic and seismic monitoring has improved the ability to observe subsurface processes with high spatial and temporal resolution. At three geothermal fields in NE-Iceland, Landsvirkjun operates a dedicated monitoring system not only for continuous data collection but also for early detection of potential geohazards. This integrated monitoring system enables real-time tracking of the interactions between geothermal production, reinjection, ground deformation and seismicity. In doing so, it provides critical insights into subsurface permeability structures and fault behaviour—enhancing both operational safety and long-term resource management. This paper presents geodetic and seismic observations from Krafla and Theistareykir geothermal fields in NE Iceland. The data reveal that both steady and variable ground deformation, often accompanied by seismic activity, are frequently observed in these active geothermal systems. The findings suggest that magmatic intrusions occurs much more frequently than volcanic history alone indicates, and that even small-scale changes in fluid extraction can produce detectable deformation signals. This information significantly enhances the ability to assess and anticipate geohazards, contributing to safer and more informed geothermal field management. |