| Abstract |
Geothermal energy is a key component of the global transition toward low-carbon energy systems, offering a sustainable and continuous heat source. However, the long-term operation and efficiency of geothermal projects are often hindered by injectivity loss, primarily driven by complex biochemical interactions. Among these, integrated mineral scaling and corrosion, and biomass or biofilm growth, both at surface facilities and in the subsurface, are critical challenges that can restrict the flow paths and reduce the injectivity. This study provides a review of geothermal projects worldwide, highlighting case studies that reflect the broad scope and global relevance of biochemical clogging issues. Emphasis is placed on identifying key physicochemical parameters influencing these processes, including salinity, pH, and temperature, as well as the impacts of redox conditions, gas presence, and host rock mineralogy. By investigating a range of site-specific conditions, we aim to uncover patterns and controlling factors that dictate the severity and nature of clogging. The research further explores current mitigation and treatment strategies, including both preventative and reactive approaches. To advance predictive capabilities, biogeochemical models will be developed and adapted to simulate the full biochemical behavior of geothermal systems under varying conditions. Ultimately, this work seeks to provide a global overview of biochemical clogging in geothermal operations, offering valuable insights for optimizing system performance and establishing best practices for future geothermal developments. |