| Title | A Framework of Dynamic Surface–Subsurface Co-Simulation for HT-ATES Integration in Large-Scale Heating Networks |
|---|---|
| Authors | Ergin Kukrer, Taylan Akin, Alexandros Daniilidis, Philip J. Vardon, Martin Bloemendal |
| Year | 2026 |
| Conference | World Geothermal Congress |
| Keywords | |
| Abstract | Modelling the integration of High-Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (HT-ATES) into geothermal-based heating networks is essential for understanding how such systems can enhance operational performance to reduce emissions and improve the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Seasonal storage enables surplus geothermal energy to be stored during low-demand periods and utilised during peak heating seasons, enhancing system flexibility and resilience. HT-ATES is particularly well-suited for large-scale applications, where multiple interacting components operate in conjunction. Coordinating these interactions is challenging due to system inertia, climate variability, and operational uncertainties, making system-level evaluation crucial to optimise design and control strategies. This work applies a dynamic co-simulation approach that dynamically couples detailed subsurface and surface models to assess the integration of HT-ATES with a deep geothermal doublet, heat pump, and natural gas boilers. A full-scale demonstration site in Delft, the Netherlands, serves as a reference case, where the energy system supplies heat to both the Delft University of Technology campus and the city’s district heating network, while also supporting research in the design and operation of HT-ATES systems. By evaluating thermal performance, energy flows, and operational control scenarios over time, both at the storage and network levels, the approach contributes to broader efforts to understand and optimise large, integrated geothermal systems. The findings highlight the value of co-simulation as a critical tool to explore system interactions, identify improvement opportunities, and support the development of more sophisticated and sustainable heating solutions. |