| Abstract |
Geothermal energy networks (GENs) offer a promising pathway for reducing emissions from building heating and cooling, especially in regions aiming to transition away from fossil fuels. This paper presents a systems-based analysis of how thermal demand patterns, equipment operation, and regional factors influence GEN performance. Using a System Dynamics (SD) model, we simulate hourly thermal demand from multifamily and office buildings in Washington, Illinois, and New York. The model includes both basic and hybrid GEN configurations - such as borehole heat exchangers and auxiliary cooling equipment - to explore seasonal and operational effects on energy use and system behavior. Results show that control strategies, along with local climate and formation properties, significantly affect electricity consumption and equipment cycling. While detailed engineering design is beyond the model’s scope, the findings provide actionable insights for early-stage planning and policy discussions. This work highlights the value of using SD methods to test the performance of GENs under real-world operating conditions and support decision-making in low-carbon thermal infrastructure. |